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Fossil moles from the Gray Fossil Site (Tennessee): Implications for diversification and evolution of North American Talpidae
Danielle E. Oberg and Joshua X. Samuels
Article number: 25.3.a33
https://doi.org/10.26879/1150
Copyright Society for Vertebrate Paleontology, December 2022
Author biographies
Plain-language and multi-lingual abstracts
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Submission: 6 January 2021. Acceptance: 5 November 2022.
ABSTRACT
The Gray Fossil Site (GFS), an early Pliocene aged site in northeastern Tennessee, is one of the richest Cenozoic localities in the eastern United States. To date, thousands of micro-vertebrate specimens have been collected, but few small mammals have been identified and thoroughly studied. This study describes the first talpid specimens recovered from the GFS, which represent four talpid species (Parascalops grayensis sp. nov., Neurotrichus sp., Mioscalops sp., and a new stem desman, Magnatalpa fumamons gen. et sp. nov.).
The fossil taxa were quantitatively compared to a wide range of extant and extinct moles using a geometric morphometric analysis of humeri shape. Humeral morphology has commonly been used to diagnose talpid species and study their relationships. Quantitative analysis shows humerus shape is highly reflective of locomotor ecology in extant talpids, highlighting convergence among highly fossorial clades, and allows ecological inferences for fossil species. Hierarchical cluster analysis using morphometric data allowed examination of morphological similarity among taxa and helped to secondarily support taxonomic designations for the Gray Fossil Site taxa. The resulting phenogram shows strong similarity to the most up-to-date molecular cladogram and actually matched phylogenetic relationships substantially better than any morphological cladistic analyses to date. All six recognized tribes were represented on the cluster analysis phenograms, all of the shrew moles (Scaptonychini, Urotrichini, and Neurotrichini) clustered So, who was the mole? Did the eponymous returnee survive the numerous threats to her life? And what was with all of those paper birds? Here's what went down in the eventful finale. In the previous episode's cliffhanger, we saw Cornelia Gray (Clarkson) blowing the brains out of the Korea infiltrator she was tasked with rescuing. But unlike her shell-shocked colleague Sara (Lydia West), who witnessed the execution first-hand, boss Tagg (Rupert Everett) didn't seem too surprised about the development. "Not everything is black and white," he told Sara on her return, revealing that, thanks to an experimental interrogation tactic known as IEP, the man in question was about to leak information that would have put millions of lives at risk. On the warpath after Cornelia burned his house down while searching for incriminating evidence, ex-lover operative Chase (Shawn Doyle) decided to frame her by putting a bullet in the head of Sara's poor husband Andy (Benjamin Sutherland). Cornelia, of course, had already fatally poisoned Sara's secret agent stepmother Tessa (Fiona Highet) and was the prime suspect for the death of her father, too. So it was relatively easy for the wicked Chase to convince his grief-stricken co-worker that the ruthless assassin was responsible. And soon she, too, was baying for blood. By entering your details you are agreeing to our terms and conditions and privacy policy. You can unsubscribe at any time. Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Of course, Cornelia's no stranger to a bit of framing herself. She had already doctored snaps of field agent Gold (Wendy Crewson) fraternising with Russian big baddie Orlov for potential leverage. And on discovering Gold had just been drugged – but not fatally, as intended – by Tagg's right-hand man Rousseau (Tim Rozon) over those photos, she decided to make the latter People with 10 or more atypical moles have Atypical moles, also known as dysplastic nevi, are unusual-looking moles that have irregular features under the microscope. Though benign, they are worth more of your attention because individuals with atypical moles are at increased risk for melanoma, a dangerous skin cancer. An atypical mole can occur anywhere on the body. The appearance of these moles can vary greatly. The best advice is to know your skin. Keep track of any and all moles you may have. This gives you the best chance to spot anything new, changing or unusual and bring it to the attention of your dermatologist. It’s important to note that even without a family history of melanoma, if you have atypical moles, you have an elevated risk of developing melanoma. At first glance, it can be tricky to see how an atypical mole differs from a normal mole. Below are some warning signs to watch for. The first five letters of the alphabet can be used as a guide to the warning signs for atypical moles and melanoma. A is for Asymmetry. Most melanomas are Monotypic family of mammals Lacépède, 1799 Golden moles are small insectivorous burrowing mammalsendemic to Sub-Saharan Africa. They comprise the family Chrysochloridae (the only family in the suborder Chrysochloridea) and as such they are taxonomically distinct from the true moles, family Talpidae, and other mole-like families, all of which, to various degrees, they resemble as a result of evolutionary convergence. There are 21 species. Some (e.g., Chrysochloris asiatica, Amblysomus hottentotus) are relatively common, whereas others (e.g., species of Chrysospalax, Cryptochloris, Neamblysomus) are rare and endangered. Despite their extreme evolutionary convergence with moles, their closest relatives are the otter shrews and tenrecs. They are more distantly related to other insectivorous African mammals such as aardvarks and elephant shrews, and even more distantly related to elephants and sirenians. Like mo Gray on Netflix ending explained
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Golden mole
Golden moles Amblysomus hottentotus observed in Palmiet Nature Reserve near Durban, South Africa Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Afrosoricida Suborder: Chrysochloridea
Broom, 1915Family: Chrysochloridae
Gray, 1825Type genus Chrysochloris Genera Range map of the subfamilies of Chrysochloridae Taxonomy
Characteristics and affinities