Pope sixtus iv biography of michael jackson

Description

One of pair [see also HC.S.1927.01.(S)] Italian Renaissance, 15th-century stone escutcheon architectural medallions of circular shape, both having identical borders of leaf-and-flower motif and this medallion having polygonal shield-shaped field surmounted by papal crown and filled with oak tree having intertwined branches of leaves and acorns, all against two crossed papal keys, the bottom loops of which are connected by cord and the tops of which have fringed shawl (?) emblazoned with crosses; this is most likely crest of Pope Sixtus IV (r. 1471-84).


Acquisition History

Collection of John Innes Kane (1850–1913), New York, NY, by 1907 until 1913;[1]
By descent to his wife, Annie Cottenet Kane née Schermerhorn (1857–1926), 1913–1926;
Columbia University, New York;[2]
Purchased from Columbia University through Lawrence Grant White (1887– 1956) of McKim, Mead & White, New York, NY, by Mildred Barnes and Robert Woods Bliss, Washington, DC, 1927;[3]
Gifted to Harvard University, November 29, 1940;
Dumbarton Oaks, House Collection, Washington, DC

NOTES:
[1] See McKim, Mead & White Photo Albums, Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, Columbia University, Page No. 002 - [John I. Kane Residence, entrance hall]: https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-4z1c-s706
[2] The land on which the mansion was constructed was property of Columbia University and only leased to the Kanes. It seems likely that on Mrs. Kane’s death, the land and improvements (the mansion and its contents) reverted to Columbia University; research in progress.
[3] White correspondence; copies in object file


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    • Popes Behaving Badly: 8 Dreadful Papal Scandals From the Middle Ages

    The position of Pope is considered to be the holiest in the Catholic faith. Few positions are held to higher standard of morality and strict behavior. However, the position of the Pope has not always been filled with those who longed to live a holy lifestyle. Popes are just as susceptible to corruption as any other world leader and they are also susceptible to their more primal urges. During the Middle Ages there were a number of papal scandals that kept the papacy from always being viewed as the holy office that it was supposed to be.

    Pope Alexander VI

    Pope Alexander came into the holiest of occupations in 1492 after his uncle, Pope Callixtus III, paved the way for him. He was made a Cardinal-Deacon of San Nicola in Carcere when he was just 25. The next year he was made vice-chancellor of the Holy Roman Church. In 1471, he was appointed Cardinal-Bishop of Albano. With how much help he got from his uncle to rise through the church, it was not really surprising when Pope Alexander VI continued with the nepotism trend.

    He lived his life as a renaissance prince with lavish parties and plenty of women, and he flaunted his wealth at the church. He was not one for modesty and discretion and had no problem continuing his renaissance lifestyle even after being elected Pope. He was also a member of the Borgia family who were known for a gruesome bloodlust and were believed to kill for pleasure. There were so many scandals of his papacy that his nepotism of placing those close to him in numerous positions of power in the church was largely overlooked.

    Pope Alexander VI is not the only Pope who is believed to have fathered illegitimate children, but he went a step further and admitted that he had actually done it. One of the biggest scandals of his papacy was the rumor that he had been depraved enough to enter into a sexual relationship with his own daughter.

    Illegitimate children and incestuous

    Medici the Magnificent

    Although both are sometimes lumped together as a single show, called simply Medici, because they are produced by most of the same people, Medici the Magnificent is really a separate sequel to the sumptuous Medici: Masters of Florence. Apart from a few flashbacks to the latter, with cameos from a couple of its actors, the cast is different and so is the story, even if both are still part of the epic family history of the 15th Century bankers, patrons of the arts, and 'de facto' rulers of Florence.

    A generation has passed between the end of Medici: Masters of Florence and the beginning of Medici the Magnificent. For the last few years, Cosimo's inadequate son, Piero, now played by Julian Sands, has been leading the House and Bank of the Medici, having become an even more inadequate patriarch. This is historically unfair: Piero, known as "the Gouty" - his limp was not due to a late injury as suggested by the plot - had always been sickly and had not been expected to succeed his father, but he rose to the occasion manfully and did a good job stabilising the Bank's precarious finances after Cosimo's high spending.

    The script, however, calls for Piero to be ineffective so that the main protagonist, his masterful son, Lorenzo the Younger, known to history as "the Magnificent" - hence the title - can shunt him aside. In fact Piero's death forced Lorenzo to take over at a much younger age than anyone wanted. What the script gets right is that Lorenzo turned out to be a natural leader, not only of the Bank but of the Republic of Florence and of the cultural movement that was later labelled the Renaissance. Although the historical Lorenzo was not as handsome as Daniel Sharman, who plays him, he was in other respects just as impressive as he is portrayed - a champion jouster, a passionate sponsor of the new art and the revival of Greek learning in Italy that drove the Renaissance,

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    Year Bull Issuer Description 1205 Esti JudaeosInnocent IIIJews were allowed their own houses of worship and would not be forced to convert. Jews were forbidden to eat with Christians or own Christian slaves.1213 (April) Quia maior
    ("Because a more...") Calls for the Fifth Crusade. 1214 (April 21) Bulla Aurea Ended papal sanctions against King John in England and the Lordship of Ireland in exchange for that realm's pledge of fealty to the papacy. This bull confirmed John's royal charter of 3 October 1213 bearing a golden seal, sometimes called the Bulla Aurea. Payment of the annual tribute of 1,000 marks was finally vetoed by parliament in 1365 under Edward III.1215 (August 24) Pro rege JohanneDeclares Magna Carta "null, and void of all validity for ever" in favor of King John against the barons1216 (December) Religiosam vitam
    ("The religious life") Honorius IIIEstablished the Dominican Order1218 In generali concilioDemanded the enforcement of the 4th Lateran Council that Jews wear clothing to distinguish themselves and that Jews be made to pay the tithe to local churches.1219 Super speculamClosed law schools in Paris and forbade the study of civil law.1223 (November 29) Solet annuereApproves the Rule of St. Francis.1225 (June) Vineae Domini custodes
    ("Guardians of the vineyard of the Lord") Grants two Dominican friars, Dominic of Segovia and Martin, authorisation for a mission to Morocco. 1228 Mira Circa NosGregory IXCanonizing St. Francis of Assisi1230 Quo elongatiResolved issues concerning the testament of Francis of Assisi.1231 (April 13) Parens scientiarum
    ("The Mother of Sciences") Guarantees the independence of the University of Paris. 1232 (February