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Dual regulation by microRNA-200b-3p and microRNA-200b-5p in the inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in triple-negative breast cancer
INTRODUCTION
Breast cancer can be classified into distinct sub-types, including luminal and basal subtypes, based on molecular markers that define their phenotype and predict therapeutic response [1]. The triple-negative sub-type is characterized by loss of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and Her2/Neu, and therefore is not responsive to current targeted therapeutics. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is also one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, with a clinically observed higher rate of distant metastasis and poor overall survival [1, 2]. TNBC can be further subdivided into 6 subtypes based upon gene expression profiles, and include basal-like (1 and 2), immunomodulatory, mesenchymal, mesenchymal stem-like, and luminal androgen receptor [3], illustrating the heterogeneity of this subtype. Although molecular subtyping has begun to elucidate the signaling events regulating this aggressive form of breast cancer, much remains to be investigated. RNA based next generation deep sequencing for both large and small RNAs allows for great depth in investigating differences in gene expression profiles for breast cancer subtypes.
miRNA mediated regulation of breast cancer has received considerable attention due to evidence of miRNA regulation of drug resistance, metastasis, receptor status, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) [4–6]. The expression of the miR-200 family cohort of miRNAs is lost in mesenchymal breast cancer subtypes compared to epithelial subtypes [7]. This miRNA family exists in two clusters: one on chromosome 1 (miR-200b-3p, miR-200b-5p, miR-200a-3p, miR-200a-5p, and miR-429) and the other on chromosome 12 (miR-200c-3p, miR-200c-5p, miR-141-3p, and miR-141-5p) [8, 9]. Conventionally the miR-200 family is a regulator of epithelial–cadherin (CDH1) express
USRE44103E1 - Portable computers - Google Patents
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- USRE44103E1 USRE44103E1US12/268,254US26825498AUSRE44103EUS RE44103 E1USRE44103 E1US RE44103E1US 26825498 AUS26825498 AUS 26825498AUS RE44103 EUSRE44103 EUS RE44103E
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